I
应用型高校大学生自主创业研究
—— 以广州工商学院为例 内
容
摘
要
伴随着高等教育的普及，许多本科院校已逐步转变为应用技术型大学，大量的应用型本科院校毕业生涌入劳动力市场。劳动力市场变得越来越饱和，缺少工作岗位，给市场带来了前所未有的就业压力。近年来，在国家“大众创新，万众创业”的号召下，许多的应用型高等院校大学生通过自主创业的方式，在解决自身就业问题的同时，为社会提供了许多的就业岗位。
本文通过对广州工商学院本科专业学生进行自主创业现状的问卷调查，收集真实可靠的自主创业数据。通过文献分析和实证研究相结合，以创业意识、创业教育、创业政策、创业实践指导等方面为重点，发掘应用型本科院校在校大学生自主创业选择中存在的不足并且对存在的不足进行分析。
针对自主创业中存在的不足从学生、学校、政府创业政策三个方面做出对策研究。学生方面：学习专业理论知识的同时，培养自身创业需要的知识与能力；根据做出的人生规划或职业规划，有目的的学习需要的技能与知识，提升自身竞争力。学校方面：多提供完善的创业平台，建立校企合作创业帮扶体系，帮助创业点子发芽。建立创新创业教师培训体系，对教学质量与教学方法进行改进，建立校企合作，提供教师创业理论实践场所；增设创业课程，实现全面的创业教育教授体系。政府政策方面：整合创业政策，制定针对大学生创业的法律法规，为大学生提供法律支持；加强创业政策宣传，推广创业理念，多途径多渠道做好创业宣传，提高大学生创业积极性。
通过本课题的研究，旨在减少“众创”环境下，大学生没有目标的冲动性的创业行为和减少自主创业的资源浪费，找出大学生自主创业的基本模式选择和创业选择存在不足的解决对策，为大学生选择创业方向和创业类型提供数据进行参考，在提高大学生自主创业的成功率和解决就业问题的同时，通过自主创业实现人生的价值，为社会提供更多就业岗位，解决社会就业难题，促进社会和谐发展。
关键词：
应用型高校；大学生自主创业；对策
II
Research on Self-employment of College Students in Application-oriented Universities -Take Guangzhou Institute of Industry and Commerce as an example Abstract
With the popularization of higher education, many colleges and universities have gradually transformed into applied technology universities, and a large number of applied university graduates have poured into the labor market. The labor market is becoming more saturated, there is a lack of jobs, and a large number of graduates of applied undergraduate colleges have brought unprecedented employment pressure to the market. In recent years, under the call of the country "innovation by the masses, entrepreneurship by the masses", many college students of applied colleges and universities have provided many jobs for the society while solving their own employment problems through independent entrepreneurship. This article collected real and reliable self-employment data by conducting a questionnaire survey on the self-employment status of professional undergraduates of Guangzhou Institute of Technology. Through the combination of literature analysis and empirical research, it focuses on entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial policy, entrepreneurial practice guidance, etc., to explore the deficiencies of college students in the choice of independent entrepreneurship and analyze the deficiencies. In view of the shortcomings of self-employment, countermeasures are proposed from three aspects: students, schools and government entrepreneurship policies. For students: While learning professional theoretical knowledge, cultivate the knowledge and abilities required for entrepreneurship; according to the formulated life plan or career plan, purposefully learn the skills and knowledge required to enhance competitiveness. School: Provide a complete entrepreneurial platform, establish a school-enterprise cooperation and entrepreneurial assistance system, and help entrepreneurial ideas sprout. Establish an innovative entrepreneur teacher training system, improve teaching quality and teaching methods, establish school-enterprise cooperation, provide teachers with entrepreneurial theory practice places; increase entrepreneurship courses, and realize a comprehensive entrepreneurship education professor system. In terms of government policies: integrate entrepreneurial policies, formulate laws and regulations for college
III students ’entrepreneurship, and provide legal support for college students; strengthen entrepreneurship policy propaganda, promote entrepreneurship ideas, do entrepreneurship propaganda through various channels, and improve college students’ entrepreneurial enthusiasm. Through the research of this topic, the aim is to reduce the impulsive entrepreneurial behavior of undergraduates in a "crowd-creating" environment and reduce the waste of resources for independent entrepreneurship, to find out the basic mode choices for entrepreneurship and the insufficient solutions , Provide data for college students to choose the direction and type of entrepreneurship for reference, while improving the success rate of college students ’self-employment and solving employment problems, at the same time realizing the value of life through independent entrepreneurship, providing more jobs for the society and solving social employment problems, Promote the harmonious development of society. Key words:
Applied universities ； College students start their own businesses ； Countermeasures
目
录
内 容 摘 要 ......................................................................................................... I
Abstract .................................................................................................................. II
一、绪 论.............................................................................................................. 1
（一）研究的背景........................................................................................ 1
（二）研究的意义........................................................................................ 1
1.理论意义 ............................................................................................ 1
2.实践意义 ............................................................................................ 1
（三）研究思路与方法................................................................................ 2
1.研究思路............................................................................................ 2
2.研究方法............................................................................................ 2
二、文献综述........................................................................................................ 3
（一）大学生自主创业概念的界定............................................................ 3
1.自主创业及发展状况概述................................................................ 3
2.大学生自主创业概念........................................................................ 3
3.大学生自主创业模式简析................................................................ 4
（二）应用型高校大学生概念的界定........................................................ 5
1.应用型高校........................................................................................ 5
2.应用型高校大学生............................................................................ 5
（三）国内外研究综述................................................................................ 5
三、应用型高校大学生自主创业现状................................................................ 8
（一）应用型高校大学生自主创业现状调查............................................ 8
1.广州工商学院创业孵化园的建设情况............................................ 8
2.大学生自主创业调查问卷设计和调查过程及调查结果................ 8
（二）大学生自主创业的特点.................................................................. 12
1.积极性高，但实际创业比例低...................................................... 12
2.创业行业集中在低门槛的行业...................................................... 12
3.创业失败率高.................................................................................. 13
四、大学生自主创业现状存在的不足及原因.................................................. 14
（一）大学生自主创业存在的不足.......................................................... 14
1.学生自身.......................................................................................... 14
2.学校.................................................................................................. 14
3.政府.................................................................................................. 15
（二）大学生自主创业存在不足的原因.................................................. 15
1.学生自身.......................................................................................... 15
2.学校.................................................................................................. 16
3.政府.................................................................................................. 16
五、应用型高校大学生自主创业的建议和对策.............................................. 18
（一）大学生自主创业选择的建议.......................................................... 18
1.大学生自主创业时间的选择.......................................................... 18
2.大学生自主创业形式的选择.......................................................... 19
（二）大学生自主创业的对策.................................................................. 20
1.基于学生自身的对策...................................................................... 20
2.基于学校角度的对策...................................................................... 20
3.基于政府角度的对策...................................................................... 21
六、结论与展望.................................................................................................. 23
（一）结论.................................................................................................. 23
（二）展望.................................................................................................. 23
参考文献.............................................................................................................. 24
致
谢.................................................................................................................. 25
附
录.................................................................................................................. 26
1
一、绪
论
（一）研究的背景 “双创”是“大众创业、万众创新”的...
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