篇一：英语语音语调总结
英语语音语调
I英语语音要点：
1. 按照音标发好每个词的音 （单词重音）：
2. 不可把不完全爆破发成完全爆破：
（1）blac(k)board goo(d) time si(t ) down a(c)tor publi（c） duty
(2 ) absenteighthpicture a big change help them？
3. 注意词的弱读式：
aan and are as because can for from
havehas hadof orthat than towas
4. 注意词与词间的连读：
（1）an American writer China is in Asia.
（2）far away There are about eight American novels.
（3）my only daughterher English teacher
5. 注意语句重音：
（1）n. v.adj.adv. num.. demo. pron.inter.
（2）art. Prep. conj. link-v. aux.v. pron.
6. 注意语调：
（1）降调— 陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、特殊问句 （肯定、完整的意义）
（2）升调— 一般疑问句、呼语、问候语、告别语、道歉语 （不完整、委婉等）
（3）降升调— 警告、反驳、安慰、鼓励、祝愿等
II英语语句重音：
㈠ 重读的词：
1. 名词：
An elephant is an animal.
2. 形容词：Her skirt is blue and white.
3. 数词：
John is nine. My second brother is a doctor.
4. 实义动词：
She sings well.
5. 副词：
He speaks English slowly and carefully.
6. 某些代词：
（1）指示代词：
thisthatthesethose
（2）反身代词：
myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
（3）不定代词：some, every, all, both, none, other, many, few, etc.
Everybody was late.
We are many; they are few.
Some are red; some are blue.
（4）疑问代词：
who, whom, whose, what, which, etc.
7. 叹词：
Oh, it’s snowing./ Dear me!
㈡ 不重读的词：
1. 冠词：
This is a computer./ The computer is my sister’s.
2. 没有语义重音的代词：
（1）人称代词：
They are my friends.
（2）物主代词：
Their parents love them very much.
（3）关系代词：
The book that he is reading is mine.
Do you remember the girl whom you met in the party?
3. 非实义动词：
（1）助动词：The meeting will be cancelled.
They do not go to church on Sundays.
（2）情态动词：
He may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.
I used to go there.
(特殊：need, dare, do)
4. 连词：
（1）并列连词：
I won’t do it, for I don’t think it’s right.
（2）比较连词：
Study as your brother does.
He works much harder than you.
（3）从属连词：
if, when, while, since, now (that), as if
5. 介词：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath,
beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near,
of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to towards, under, until, till, up,
with
㈢ 说明：
1. 不重读的词，元音弱化。
2. 双音节的介词、连词，可重读：after, before, upon, because
3. up, down, in, on, 作为副词，重读。
Go on, please. / Pull the body up from the water. / Let me in. / Put down the book.
4. 形容词+名词：
两个词都重读。
He is a fine young man. / It’s been like this every day for two years.
5. 虚词重读的情况：
（1）强调：
I didn’t know you were leaving.
Yes, I saw that the key was in the box.
（2）句首介词：
On the day of his arrival, his grandpa died.
（3）句末的be 和助动词：
Where can he be?
Do you live here? --- Yes, I do.
（4）be 和助动词与not 的缩写式：
Speak louder. I can’t hear you. Isn’t it lovely?
（5）be 和助动词在句首可重读，也可不重读：
Is she any better today?
Have you finished writing the letter yet?
6. 有时某些形容词、副词、动词在句中可不重读：
good, little, please, right
Good morning.What a pretty little thing!Come in, please.Here he is, right here.
III英语语调：
㈠ 降调：
— Look.He can’t.We haven’t time. What’s the time?
I should like you to come immediately after tea.
— I suppose it couldn’t possibly happen again.
They managed to catch the last bus into town.
She gave him a letter and told him to post it, but not to take long about it.
[Eg.]
You must take him home.
I’ll come as soon as I can.
We’ve been trying to get in touch with you all day.
How can I help you?
How far is it from here to the airport?
Who’s coming with me?
Where did you say you had put my glasses?
They promised to come to see me on their arrival.
It’s been a very enjoyable evening for all of us.
They had dinner at restaurant, and they went to a show.
I went to my brother’s room for the box, but the door was locked, so I couldn’t get it.
Stand up.Sit down.Come again tomorrow. A cup of coffee for me！What a pity!
How interesting!What lovely weather!How late you are!
㈡ 升调：
Doesn’t she? Have you spoken to him? Did anyone remember to lock the front door?
That’s right. What is your name? What can I do for you?
[Eg.]
Yes?Me? Where? Fine?These?Do you know? May I come in?Are you on the phone?Did you enjoy it? Can you manage? Can I help you?
Have you heard the latest news? Do you mind if I open the window?
That’s all. That’s enough. Keep on trying. If you like. I beg your pardon.
Let me know how you get on.I’m Richard, R-I-C-H-A-R-D.
One, two, three, four, five altogether. July the seventh, nineteen, ninety seven.
I like oranges, bananas, apples and pears.
㈢ 多语调群：
1. 升—降：
（1）状语/状语分句+主句：After the game, we had some tea. / When he came, I asked
him to tea.
（2）选择问句：
Shall we go to the cinema or visit some friends?
（3）含有名词性分句或非限制性关系分句的句子：
Everybody says that it is an excellent film.
How he got there remains unknown.
My brother, whose wife is a doctor, has gone abroad.
[Eg.] （1）In spite of the rain, they all came as they promised.
Although she was very poor, she was extremely honest.
So hard did he work, that he was quite worn out.
Without knowing what she was doing, she began to cry.
（2）Shall I go there or will you come here?
Do you want to go out or stay home?
Are we going to get married or live together like this all our lives?
（3）The question is how we get in touch with him.
Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself.
2. 降—升：
（1）主句+状语/状语分句：I’d like to buy a new one, if I could afford it.
（2）反义疑问句（对答案无把握）：
You live on the campus, don’t you?
（3）祈使句+附加问句：Have some tea, will you?
[Eg.] （1）We can walk there if there’s time.
You’ll be late if you don’t hurry up.
We must put up with it, since it can’t be helped.
We have very little snow here as a rule.
（2）It’s going to snow, isn’t it?
We must move to Hong Kong, mustn’t we?
There won’t be enough time, will there?
She hasn’t finished her composition, has she?
（3）Make it next Monday, shall we?
Shut the door, will you?
Be a good girl, will you?
Don’t worry, will you?
3. 降—降：
（1）反义疑问句（对答案有把握）：
He’s an honest man, isn’t he?
She doesn’t work hard, does she?
（2）主句+分句(分句语气肯定)：
I will talk to him about it when he comes.
Let’s get started since you’re all here.
（3）并列句（意思联系不太密切）：
You’ve worked very well so far, keep it up.
Don’t beat about the bush and come to the point.
[Eg.] （1）It’s fine day, isn’t it?
It’s about the Second World War, isn’t it?
Samprass took the first prize, didn’t he?
You like coffee, don’t you?
（2）There was no one in the room when I got there.
I’ll send a car for you if you give me your number.
I began to prepare dinner as soon as I got home.
She begged me to stay when I insisted going.
（3）I don’t want to make a decision at once, I’ll talk it over with John.I can never talk easily with him; we seem to have nothing in commen.None of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.
There of the speakers are strongly for; one is strongly against.
㈣ 含插入语句子的语调：
1. 句首：Of course, he’s a great man.
2. 句中：This, I think, is the right way to do it.
When, do you suppose, you’ll finish the job.
3. 句末：
That’s a difficult problem, to be sure.
He may be late, I’m afraid.
㈤ 同位语与其同位成分的语调：
1. 升—升：
Have you seen the film. Gone with the wind?
2. 降—降：
Our university lies in a suburb of Beijing, the capital of China.
㈥ 含称呼语的语调组合：
1. 句首：
降—降：My brother, don’t be silly.
降—升：Mom, isn’t this skirt too short for me?
2. 句中：
升—降：I say, Zona, you do look pale.
升—升：Hello, Bill, can’t I help you?
3. 句末：I’m not cold, father.
What’s happened, Susan?
Aren’t you going to call me, Mr. Richard?
Will you play the piano with me, Jones?
篇二：英语语音语调综述
语调的本质
?
? 语调是说话时冠于话语上的音高变化。
声调也跟音高变化有关，但是两者并不相同。声调主要表现在字词上，而语调则可以表现在大于字词的单位，例如句子上。
英语语调的基本单位
?
? 在语流中，语调的基本单位是语调单位 (tone unit 或称 intonation group)。
每一个语调单位都包含一个呈现音高变化的突出音节。该音节必须是个重读音节，而且是音高开始变化的音节，称为语调音节 (tonic syllable)。
英语语调的功能
语调跟其它重音节成分一样，也起区别意义的作用，但区别的并不是词的基本意义，而是其它语义：
1. 揭示语句的语法类型，例如：陈述句、问句或祈使句等等；
2. 表达说话人的态度或情绪，例如：惊讶、不耐烦或表达言外之意。
语调功能
英语语调的意义
语调（intonation），即说话的腔调，就是一句话里声调（pitch）高低抑扬轻重的配制和变化。世界上没有一种语言是用单一的声调说出的，以英语为例，英语有五种基本语调：升调（↗）、降调（↘）、升降调（∧）、降升调（∨）以及平调（→）。一句话除了词汇意义（lexical meaning）还有语调意义（intonation meaning）。所谓词汇意义就是话中所用词的意义，而语调意义就是说话人用语调所表示的态度或口气。一句话的词汇意义加上语调意义才算是完全的意义。同样的句子，语调不同，意思就会不同，有时甚至会相差千里。请看下例：
1）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry？（↗）
* Jean用升调说“Sorry”，其意思是“I didn't hear you．Could you say that again，please？” 我们再看下句：
2）A：Jean，can you bring me the newspaper？
B：Sorry．（↘）
* 在对话2）中，Jean用降调说“Sorry”，显然其意思是拒绝帮助或无能为力。美国著名语言学家Kenneth L．Pike认为：一个音节的绝对调高是不重要的，而一个音节与另外一个的相对高度才是非常重要的。英语有四级能区别意义的调高：
1）特高调（extra high），即比正常的声调高两级，常在感情特别激动或惊讶时使用。
2）高调（high），即比正常的声调高一级，一般用于语句中关键性的重读词。
3）中调（mid），即说话人声音的正常高度。
4）低调（low），即比正常的声调低一级， 一般是降调的最低点。
应该按照说话人的态度来分语调模式，而不能按照句子的语法结构来分。没有所谓“疑问句的语调”或“陈述句的语调”。因为疑问句和陈述句都可以用各种语调模式来说。
因此，对于我们中国的英语学习者来说，通过了解某种调型所表示的某种态度或口气也就颇为重要。事实上，无论是在现实生活中还是在中，我们的学生常会因为对这些知识缺乏了解而无法确定说话人的态度、感情、口吻和意图等。然而这又是一个比较复杂的问题。本文将通过具体的例子从两方面来说明这个问题：
I．一句话中绝对调高及音调的相对高度所包含的意义
众所周知，人们在兴奋、惊讶或感情激动时说话的语调就高，而在相反的情况下，语调则低。因此，在同一个场合中，如果一个人的语调明显高于另一个，或明显低于另
一个，以此就可以推断出该说话人的意思及态度。
这里我们要着重谈谈一句话中语调的相对高度的不同所包含的意义。一句话中的语调波峰一般都是句重音所在。通过一句话中的语调波峰所在，我们就可以了解说话人的意思。如人们读“I live in the city．”这句话时，由于强调的对象不同，语调也就随之发生了变化。现不妨比较如下：
I（↗）live in the city．（隐含着在场的其他人不住在城里的意思）
I live（↗）in the city．（表示“我”只是“住在”城里，其隐含的意思是“我不在城里工作”或其他意思）
I live in（↗）the city．（表示“我住在城里边”，其隐含的意思是“我不住在城外”） 因此，对下面的对话所提问的问题进行选择时，就不难回答了。
----M：Linda looked very tired these days．
W：She looked OK to me（↗）．
Q：What does the woman think of Linda？（D）
［A］She saw Linda and me． ［B］Linda said she was fine． ［C］She looked up the word for me． ［D］She considered Linda was all right．
这句话里的句重音碰巧落在句子的最后一个单词“me”上。因为女士用升调重读“me”，这表示了女士有意与男士的看法形成对比，意思是：在你的眼里，她显得疲惫，可在我看来，她没什么问题。这表示了她那种无所谓的态度。
II．某些句型由于句尾语调的改变而引起意义改变的现象
1．使用疑问词who，which，what， how，when，where，why的特殊疑问句可以用降调也可以用升调，但含义是不同的。如：
1）A：Mr．Smith thinks we ought to get the money in hand first．
B：Who？（↗）
A：Mr．Smith．
* B用升调说“Who”，表示听不清对方谈话中的某一部分，要求对方再重复那一部分。
2）A：We'd like to have someone to say a word at the beginning to welcome the group． B：Who？（↘）
A：We thought that you or Dr．Johnson might do it．
* B用降调说“Who”，其意思是问，对方想让谁在开场时致欢迎词。
2．附加疑问句可以读升调也可以读降调，意思是不相同的。降调表示发问者相信陈述句的内容，只等对方证实。升调表示发问者对陈述句内容的真实性没有把握，希望对方作 相关热词搜索： [db:gjc]